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Hearts (suit)

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Hearts
Native names
Decks
Invented15th century

Hearts (, ) (French: Cœur, German: Herz) is one of the four playing card suits in a deck of French-suited and German-suited playing cards. However, the symbol is slightly different: Symbol: Herz is used in a French deck while Symbol: Herz is used in a German deck.

This suit was invented in 15th century Germany and is a survivor from a large pool of experimental suit signs created to replace the Latin suits. The standard German-suited system of leaves, acorns, hearts, and bells appears in the majority of cards from 1460 onwards. There is no evidence for this system prior to this point. The French design was created around 1480 when French suits were invented and was a simplified version of the existing German suit symbol for hearts in a German-suited pack.[1]

In Swiss-suited playing cards, the equivalent suit is Roses, typically with the following suit symbol: .[citation needed]

Name

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In Bridge, for which in Germany the French deck is common, it is called by its French name, Cœur. In games using German-suited cards the suit of Hearts is often called "Red" (Rot), e.g. the Unter of Hearts would be the "Red Unter" (Rotunter or Rot-Unter) and the Nine of Hearts the "Red Nine" (Rotneun or Rot-Neun). In the game of Watten, the King of Hearts is the highest Trump. In Tiến Lên, Hearts are the highest-ranked suit.

The origin of the term "heart" to describe the symbol, which only very marginally resembles a true heart, is not known.[2] In general, equivalents in other languages also mean "heart".

Characteristics

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The heart typically has a form of cardioid, the lower part of which ends in a point. The symbol is drawn with its tip down, the two lobes of the cardioid pointing upwards. Generally, the hearts are coloured red so they can be used in some games as a pair with Diamonds (suit), like Klondike (solitaire). They form one of the two major suits in bridge (with spades).

French pattern

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The following gallery shows the hearts of a standard 52-card deck of French-suited playing cards. Not shown is the Knight of Hearts, used in tarot card games:

German pattern

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The gallery below shows a suit of Hearts from a German-suited playing cards of 32 cards. The pack is of the Saxonian pattern:

Four-colour packs

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The four aces of a four-color deck; here, Hearts are red.

Four-color decks are sometimes used in tournaments or online.[3] In such packs Hearts may be:

  • red ♥ in almost all poker packs
  • yellow ♥ in some other four-colour packs.

Coding

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The symbol ♥ is already in the CP437 and therefore also in the WGL4. In Unicode, a black heart ♥ and a white ♡ heart are defined:


Character information
Preview
Unicode name BLACK HEART SUIT WHITE HEART SUIT
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 9829 U+2665 9825 U+2661
UTF-8 226 153 165 E2 99 A5 226 153 161 E2 99 A1
Numeric character reference ♥ ♥ ♡ ♡
Named character reference ♥, ♥
CP437 3 03

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dummett, Michael (1980). The Game of Tarot. London: Duckworth. pp. 10–32.
  2. ^ K. McDonell (13 February 2007). "The Shape of My Heart - Where did the ubiquitous Valentine's symbol come from?". Slate.
  3. ^ Allan, Elkan; Mackay, Hannah (2007). The poker encyclopedia. London: Portico. p. 155. ISBN 978-1906-03209-8.